若望福音 John Chapter 19
John
Chapter 19
1 1 Then Pilate took Jesus and had him scourged.
那时，比拉多命人把耶稣带去鞭打了。
2 And the soldiers wove a crown out of thorns and placed it on his head, and clothed him in a purple cloak,
然后兵士们用荆棘编了个茨冠，放在他头上，给他披上一件紫红袍，
3 and they came to him and said,＂Hail, King of the Jews!" And they struck him repeatedly.
来到他跟前说:“犹太人的君王，万岁！”并给他耳光。
4 Once more Pilate went out and said to them,＂Look, I am bringing him out to you, so that you may know that I find no guilt in him."
比拉多又出去到外面，向他们说：“看，我给你们领出他来，为叫你们知道我在他身上查不出什么罪状。”
5 So Jesus came out, wearing the crown of thorns and the purple cloak. And he said to them,＂Behold, the man!"
于是耶稣带着茨冠，披着紫红袍出来了；比拉多就对他们说:“看，这个人！”
6 When the chief priests and the guards saw him they cried out,＂Crucify him, crucify him!" Pilate said to them,＂Take him yourselves and crucify him. I find no guilt in him."
司祭长和差役们一看见耶稣，就喊说:“钉在十字架上！钉他在十字架上！”比拉多对他们说:“你们把他带去，钉在十字架上罢！我在他身上查不出什么罪状。”
7 2 The Jews answered,＂We have a law, and according to that law he ought to die, because he made himself the Son of God."
犹太答复他说:“我们有法律，按法律他应该死，因为他自充为天主子。”
8 Now when Pilate heard this statement, he became even more afraid,
比拉多听了这话，越发害怕，
9 and went back into the praetorium and said to Jesus,＂Where are you from?" Jesus did not answer him.
遂又进了总督府，对耶稣说：“你到底是那里的？”耶稣却没有回答他。
10 So Pilate said to him,＂Do you not speak to me? Do you not know that I have power to release you and I have power to crucify you?"
于是比拉多对他说:“你对我也不说话吗？你不知道我有权柄释放你，也有权柄钉你在十字架上吗？”
11 Jesus answered (him),＂You would have no power over me if it had not been given to you from above. For this reason the one who handed me over to you has the greater sin."
耶稣答说：“若不是由上赐给你，你对我什么权柄也没有；为此，把我交付给你的人，负罪更大。”
12 Consequently, Pilate tried to release him; but the Jews cried out,＂If you release him, you are not a Friend of Caesar. 3 Everyone who makes himself a king opposes Caesar."
从此，比拉多设法要释放耶稣，犹太人却喊说:“你如果释放这人，你就不是凯撒的朋友，因为凡自充为王的，就是背叛凯撒。”
13 When Pilate heard these words he brought Jesus out and seated him 4 on the judge's bench in the place called Stone Pavement, in Hebrew, Gabbatha.
比拉多一听这话，就把耶稣领出来，到了一个名叫“石铺地”──希伯来话叫“加巴达”的地方，坐在审判座位上。
14 It was preparation day for Passover, and it was about noon. 5 And he said to the Jews,＂Behold, your king!"
时值逾越节的预备日，约莫第六时辰，比拉多对犹太人说：“看，你们的君王！”
15 They cried out,＂Take him away, take him away! Crucify him!" Pilate said to them,＂Shall I crucify your king?" The chief priests answered,＂We have no king but Caesar."
他们就喊叫说:“除掉，除掉，钉他在十字架上！”比拉多对他们说:“要我把你们的君王在十字架上吗？”司祭长答说:“除了凯撒，我们没有君王。”
16 Then he handed him over to them to be crucified. 6 So they took Jesus,
于是比拉多把耶稣交给他们去钉死。 他们就把耶稣带去了。
17 and carrying the cross himself 7 he went out to what is called the Place of the Skull, in Hebrew, Golgotha.
耶稣自己背着十字架出来，到了一个名叫“髑髅”的地方，希伯来话叫“哥耳哥达”，
18 There they crucified him, and with him two others, one on either side, with Jesus in the middle.
他们就在那里把他钉在十字架上，同他一起另有两个人:一个在这边，一个在那边，耶稣在中间。
19 8 Pilate also had an inscription written and put on the cross. It read,＂Jesus the Nazorean, the King of the Jews."
比拉多写了个牌子，放在十字架上端，写的是：“纳匝肋人耶稣，犹太人的君王。”
20 Now many of the Jews read this inscription, because the place where Jesus was crucified was near the city; and it was written in Hebrew, Latin, and Greek.
这牌子有许多犹太人念了，因为耶稣被在十字架上的地方离城很近，字是用希伯来、罗马和希腊文写的。
21 So the chief priests of the Jews said to Pilate,＂Do not write ‘The King of the Jews,' but that he said, ‘I am the King of the Jews.'"
于是犹太人的司祭长就对比拉多说:“不要写犹太人的君王，该写他自己说:我是犹太人的君王。”
22 Pilate answered,＂What I have written, I have written."
比拉多答复说：“我写了，就写了。”
23 9 When the soldiers had crucified Jesus, they took his clothes and divided them into four shares, a share for each soldier. They also took his tunic, but the tunic was seamless, woven in one piece from the top down.
兵士将耶稣钉在十字架上后，拿了他的衣服，分成四分，每人一分；又拿了长衣，因那长衣是无缝的，由上到下浑然织成，
24 So they said to one another,＂Let's not tear it, but cast lots for it to see whose it will be," in order that the passage of scripture might be fulfilled (that says):＂They divided my garments among them, and for my vesture they cast lots." This is what the soldiers did.
所以他们彼此说:“我们不要把它撕开，我们掷骰，看是谁的。”这就应验了经上的话‘他们瓜分了我的衣服，为我的长衣，他们拈阄。’士兵果然这样作了。
25 10 Standing by the cross of Jesus were his mother and his mother's sister, Mary the wife of Clopas, and Mary of Magdala.
在耶稣的十字架旁，站着他的母亲和他母亲的姊妹，还有克罗帕的妻子玛利亚和玛利亚玛达肋纳。
26 When Jesus saw his mother 11 and the disciple there whom he loved, he said to his mother,＂Woman, behold, your son."
耶稣看见母亲，又看见他所爱的门徒站在旁边，就对母亲说:“女人，看，你的儿子！”
27 Then he said to the disciple,＂Behold, your mother." And from that hour the disciple took her into his home.
然后又对那门徒说:“看，你的母亲！”就从那时起，那门徒把她接到自己家里。
28 After this, aware that everything was now finished, in order that the scripture might be fulfilled, 12 Jesus said,＂I thirst."
此后，耶稣因知道一切事都完成了，为应验经上的话，遂说:‘我渴。’
29 There was a vessel filled with common wine. 13 So they put a sponge soaked in wine on a sprig of hyssop and put it up to his mouth.
有一个盛满了醋的器皿放在那里，有人便将海绵浸满了醋，绑在长枪上，送到他的口边。
30 14 When Jesus had taken the wine, he said,＂It is finished." And bowing his head, he handed over the spirit.
耶稣一尝了那醋，便说:“完成了。”就低下头，交付了灵魂。
31 Now since it was preparation day, in order that the bodies might not remain on the cross on the sabbath, for the sabbath day of that week was a solemn one, the Jews asked Pilate that their legs be broken and they be taken down.
犹太人因那日子是预备日，免得安息日内──那安息日原是个大节日──尸首留在十字架上，就来请求比拉多打断他们的腿，把他们拿去。
32 So the soldiers came and broke the legs of the first and then of the other one who was crucified with Jesus.
士兵遂前来，把第一个人的，并与耶稣同钉在十字架上的第二个人的腿打断了。
33 But when they came to Jesus and saw that he was already dead, they did not break his legs,
可是，及至来到耶稣跟前，看见他已经死了，就没有打断他的腿；
34 15 but one soldier thrust his lance into his side, and immediately blood and water flowed out.
但是，有一个兵士用枪刺透了他的肋旁，立时流出了血和水。
35 An eyewitness has testified, and his testimony is true; he knows 16 that he is speaking the truth, so that you also may (come to) believe.
那看见这事的人就作证，而他的见证是真实的；并且“那位”知道他所说的是真实的，为叫你们也相信。
36 For this happened so that the scripture passage might be fulfilled:＂Not a bone of it will be broken."
这些事发生，正应验了经上的话说:‘不可将他的骨头打断。’
37 And again another passage says:＂They will look upon him whom they have pierced."
经上另有一句说:‘他们要瞻望他们所刺透的。’
38 17 After this, Joseph of Arimathea, secretly a disciple of Jesus for fear of the Jews, asked Pilate if he could remove the body of Jesus. And Pilate permitted it. So he came and took his body.
这些事以后，阿黎玛特雅人若瑟──他因怕犹太人，暗中作了耶稣的门徒──来求比拉多，为领取耶稣的遗体；比拉多允许了。于是他来把耶稣的遗体领去了。
39 Nicodemus, the one who had first come to him at night, also came bringing a mixture of myrrh and aloes weighing about one hundred pounds.
那以前夜间来见耶稣的尼苛德摩也来了，带着没药及沉香调和的香料，约有一百斤。
40 They took the body of Jesus and bound it with burial cloths along with the spices, according to the Jewish burial custom.
他们取下了耶稣的遗体，照犹太人埋葬的习俗，用殓布和香料把他裹好。
41 Now in the place where he had been crucified there was a garden, and in the garden a new tomb, in which no one had yet been buried.
在耶稣被钉在十字架上的地方，有一个园子，那园子里有一座新坟墓，里面还没有安葬过人。
42 So they laid Jesus there because of the Jewish preparation day; for the tomb was close by.
只因是犹太人的预备日，坟墓又近，就在那里安葬了耶稣。
Footnotes(注解)
1 [1] Luke places the mockery of Jesus at the midpoint in the trial when Jesus was sent to Herod. Mark and Matthew place the scourging and mockery at the end of the trial after the sentence of death. Scourging was an integral part of the crucifixion penalty.
2 [7] Made himself the Son of God: this question was not raised in John's account of the Jewish interrogations of Jesus as it was in the synoptic account. Nevertheless, see John 5:18; 8:53; 10:36.
3 [12] Friend of Caesar: a Roman honorific title bestowed upon high-ranking officials for merit.
4 [13] Seated him: others translate＂(Pilate) sat down." In John's thought, Jesus is the real judge of the world, and John may here be portraying him seated on the judgment bench. Stone Pavement: in Greek lithostrotos; under the fortress Antonia, one of the conjectured locations of the praetorium, a massive stone pavement has been excavated. Gabbatha (Aramaic rather than Hebrew) probably means＂ridge, elevation."
5 [14] Noon: Mark 15:25 has Jesus crucified＂at the third hour," which means either 9 A.M. or the period from 9 to 12. Noon, the time when, according to John, Jesus was sentenced to death, was the hour at which the priests began to slaughter Passover lambs in the temple; see John 1:29.
6 [16] He handed him over to them to be crucified: in context this would seem to mean＂handed him over to the chief priests." Luke 23:25 has a similar ambiguity. There is a polemic tendency in the gospels to place the guilt of the crucifixion on the Jewish authorities and to exonerate the Romans from blame. But John later mentions the Roman soldiers (John 19:23), and it was to these soldiers that Pilate handed Jesus over.
7 [17] Carrying the cross himself: a different picture from that of the synoptics, especially Luke 23:26 where Simon of Cyrene is made to carry the cross, walking behind Jesus. In John's theology, Jesus remained in complete control and master of his destiny (cf John 10:18). Place of the Skull: the Latin word for skull is Calvaria; hence＂Calvary." Golgotha is actually an Aramaic rather than a Hebrew word.
8 [19] The inscription differs with slightly different words in each of the four gospels. John's form is fullest and gives the equivalent of the Latin INRI = Iesus Nazarenus Rex Iudaeorum. Only John mentions its polyglot character (John 19:20) and Pilate's role in keeping the title unchanged (John 19:21-22).
9 [23-25a] While all four gospels describe the soldiers casting lots to divide Jesus' garments (see the note on Matthew 27:35), only John quotes the underlying passage from Psalm 22:19, and only John sees each line of the poetic parallelism literally carried out in two separate actions (John 19:23-24).
10 [25] It is not clear whether four women are meant, or three (i.e., Mary the wife of Cl[e]opas [cf Luke 24:18] is in apposition with his mother's sister) or two (his mother and his mother's sister, i.e., Mary of Cl[e]opas and Mary of Magdala). Only John mentions the mother of Jesus here. The synoptics h, ave a group of women looking on from a distance at the cross (Mark 15:40).
11 [26-27] This scene has been interpreted literally, of Jesus' concern for his mother; and symbolically, e.g., in the light of the Cana story in John 2 (the presence of the mother of Jesus, the address woman, and the mention of the hour) and of the upper room in John 13 (the presence of the beloved disciple; the hour). Now that the hour has come (John 19:28), Mary (a symbol of the church?) is given a role as the mother of Christians (personified by the beloved disciple); or, as a representative of those seeking salvation, she is supported by the disciple who interprets Jesus' revelation; or Jewish and Gentile Christianity (or Israel and the Christian community) are reconciled.
12 [28] The scripture . . . fulfilled: either in the scene of John 19:25-27, or in the I thirst of John 19:28. If the latter, Psalm 22:16; 69:22 deserve consideration.
13 [29] Wine: John does not mention the drugged wine, a narcotic that Jesus refused as the crucifixion began (Mark 15:23), but only this final gesture of kindness at the end (Mark 15:36). Hyssop, a small plant, is scarcely suitable for carrying a sponge (Mark mentions a reed) and may be a symbolic reference to the hyssop used to daub the blood of the paschal lamb on the doorpost of the Hebrews (Exodus 12:22).
14 [30] Handed over the spirit: there is a double nuance of dying (giving up the last breath or spirit) and that of passing on the holy Spirit; see John 7:39 which connects the giving of the Spirit with Jesus' glorious return to the Father, and John 20:22 where the author portrays the conferral of the Spirit.
15 [34-35] John probably emphasizes these verses to show the reality of Jesus' death, against the Docetist heretics. In the blood and water there may also be a symbolic reference to the Eucharist and baptism.
16 [35] He knows: it is not certain from the Greek that this he is the eyewitness of the first part of the sentence. May [come to] believe: see the note on John 20:31.
17 [38-42] In the first three gospels there is no anointing on Friday. In Matthew and Luke the women come to the tomb on Sunday morning precisely to anoint Jesus.