1 Corinthians
Chapter 10
1 1 I do not want you to be unaware, brothers, that our ancestors were all under the cloud and all passed through the sea,
弟兄们，我愿意提醒你们，我们的祖先都曾在云柱下，都从海中走过，
2 and all of them were baptized into Moses in the cloud and in the sea.
都曾在云中和海中受了洗而归于梅瑟，
3 All ate the same spiritual food,
都吃过同样的神粮，
4 and all drank the same spiritual drink, for they drank from a spiritual rock that followed them, 2 and the rock was the Christ.
都饮过同样的神饮；原来他们所饮的，是来自伴随他们的神盘石：那盘石是基督。
5 Yet God was not pleased with most of them, for they were struck down in the desert.
可是，他们中多数不是天主所喜悦的，因而倒毙在旷野里了。
6 3 These things happened as examples for us, so that we might not desire evil things, as they did.
这些事都是我们的鉴戒，为叫我们不贪恋恶事，就如他们贪恋过一样。
7 And do not become idolaters, as some of them did, as it is written, ＂The people sat down to eat and drink, and rose up to revel.＂
你们也不可崇拜邪神，就如他们中有些人敬拜过一样，如同经上记载说：‘百姓坐下吃喝，起来玩乐。’
8 Let us not indulge in immorality as some of them did, and twenty-three thousand fell within a single day.
我们也不可淫乱，就如他们中有些人淫乱过，一天内就倒毙了二万三千人。
9 Let us not test Christ 4 as some of them did, and suffered death by serpents.
我们也不可试探主，就如他们中有些人试探过，为蛇所歼灭。
10 Do not grumble as some of them did, and suffered death by the destroyer.
你们也不可抱怨，就如他们中有些人抱怨过，为毁灭者所消灭。
11 These things happened to them as an example, and they have been written down as a warning to us, upon whom the end of the ages has come. 5
发生在他们身上的这一切事，都是为给人作鉴戒，并记录了下来，为劝戒我们这些生活在世末的人。
12 Therefore, whoever thinks he is standing secure should take care not to fall. 6
所以，凡自以为站得稳的，务要小心，免得跌倒。
13 No trial has come to you but what is human. God is faithful and will not let you be tried beyond your strength; but with the trial he will also provide a way out, so that you may be able to bear it.
你们所受的试探，无非是普通人所能受的试探，天主是忠信的，他决不许你们受那超过你们能力的试探；天主如加给人试探，也必开一条出路，叫你们能够承担。
14 7 Therefore, my beloved, avoid idolatry.
为此，我亲爱的诸位，你们要逃避崇拜邪神的事。
15 I am speaking as to sensible people; judge for yourselves what I am saying.
我想我是对明白人说话；你们自己审断我所说的罢！
16 The cup of blessing that we bless, is it not a participation in the blood of Christ? The bread that we break, is it not a participation in the body of Christ?
我们所祝福的那祝福之杯，岂不是共结合于基督的血吗？我们所擘开的饼，岂不是共结合于基督的身体吗？
17 Because the loaf of bread is one, we, though many, are one body, for we all partake of the one loaf.
因为饼只是一个，我们虽多，只是一个身体，因为我们众人都共享这一个饼。
18 Look at Israel according to the flesh; are not those who eat the sacrifices participants in the altar?
你们且看按血统做以色列的，那些吃祭物的，不是与祭坛有分子的人吗？
19 So what am I saying? That meat sacrificed to idols is anything? Or that an idol is anything?
那么，我说什么呢？是说祭邪神的肉算得什么吗？或是说邪神算得什么吗？
20 No, I mean that what they sacrifice, (they sacrifice) to demons, 8 not to God, and I do not want you to become participants with demons.
不是，我说的是：外教人所祭祀的，是祭祀邪魔，而不是祭祀真神。我不愿意你们与邪魔有分子。
21 You cannot drink the cup of the Lord and also the cup of demons. You cannot partake of the table of the Lord and of the table of demons.
你们不能喝主的杯，又喝邪魔的杯；你们不能共享主的筵席，又共享邪魔的筵席。
22 Or are we provoking the Lord to jealous anger? Are we stronger than he?
难道我们要惹主发怒吗？莫非我们比他还强吗？
23 9 ＂Everything is lawful,＂ but not everything is beneficial. 10 ＂Everything is lawful,＂ but not everything builds up.
＂凡事都可行，＂但不全有益；＂凡事都可行，＂但不全助人建树。
24 No one should seek his own advantage, but that of his neighbor.
人不要只求自己的利益，也该求别人的利益。
25 11 Eat anything sold in the market, without raising questions on grounds of conscience,
凡在肉市上买来的，为了良心的缘故，不必查问什么，你们只管吃罢！
26 for ＂the earth and its fullness are the Lord's.＂
‘因为大地和其中的万物，属于上主。’
27 If an unbeliever invites you and you want to go, eat whatever is placed before you, without raising questions on grounds of conscience.
若有一个无信仰的人宴请你们，你们也愿意去，凡给你们摆上的，为了良心的缘故，不必查问什么，你们只管吃罢！
28 But if someone says to you, ＂This was offered in sacrifice,＂ do not eat it on account of the one who called attention to it and on account of conscience;
但若有人向你们说：＂这是祭过神的肉，＂为了那指点的人，和为了良心的原故，你们就不可吃。
29 I mean not your own conscience, but the other's. For why should my freedom be determined by someone else's conscience?
我说的良心不是自己的，而是他人的良心。那么，我的自由为什么要受他人良心的束缚呢？
30 If I partake thankfully, why am I reviled for that over which I give thanks?
我若以谢恩之心参加，为什么我要因谢恩之物而受人责骂呢？
31 So whether you eat or drink, or whatever you do, do everything for the glory of God.
所以，你们或吃或喝，或无论作什么，一切都要为光荣天主而作。
32 12 Avoid giving offense, whether to Jews or Greeks or the church of God,
你们不可成为犹太人，或希腊人，或天主教会跌倒的原因，
33 just as I try to please everyone in every way, not seeking my own benefit but that of the many, that they may be saved.
但要如我一样，在一切事上使众人喜欢，不求我自己的利益，只求大众的利益，为使他们得救。
Footnotes(注解)
1 [1-5] Paul embarks unexpectedly upon a panoramic survey of the events of the Exodus period. The privileges of Israel in the wilderness are described in terms that apply strictly only to the realities of the new covenant (＂baptism,＂＂spiritual food and drink＂); interpreted in this way they point forward to the Christian experience (1 Cor 10:1-4). But those privileges did not guarantee God's permanent pleasure (1 Cor 10:5).
2 [4] A spiritual rock that followed them: the Torah speaks only about a rock from which water issued, but rabbinic legend amplified this into a spring that followed the Israelites throughout their migration. Paul uses this legend as a literary type: he makes the rock itself accompany the Israelites, and he gives it a spiritual sense. The rock was the Christ: in the Old Testament, Yahweh is the Rock of his people (cf Deut 32, Moses' song to Yahweh the Rock). Paul now applies this image to the Christ, the source of the living water, the true Rock that accompanied Israel, guiding their experiences in the desert.
3 [6-13] This section explicitates the typological value of these Old Testament events: the desert experiences of the Israelites are examples, meant as warnings, to deter us from similar sins (idolatry, immorality, etc.) and from a similar fate.
4 [9] Christ: to avoid Paul's concept of Christ present in the wilderness events, some manuscripts read ＂the Lord.＂
5 [11] Upon whom the end of the ages has come: it is our period in time toward which past ages have been moving and in which they arrive at their goal.
6 [12-13] Take care not to fall: the point of the whole comparison with Israel is to caution against overconfidence, a sense of complete security (1 Cor 10:12). This warning is immediately balanced by a reassurance, based, however, on God (1 Cor 10:13).
7 [14-22] The warning against idolatry from 1 Cor 10:7 is now repeated (1 Cor 10:14) and explained in terms of the effect of sacrifices: all sacrifices, Christian (1 Cor 10:16-17), Jewish (1 Cor 10:18), or pagan (1 Cor 10:20), establish communion. But communion with Christ is exclusive, incompatible with any other such communion (1 Cor 10:21). Compare the line of reasoning at 1 Cor 6:15.
8 [20] To demons: although Jews denied divinity to pagan gods, they often believed that there was some nondivine reality behind the idols, such as the dead, or angels, or demons. The explanation Paul offers in 1 Cor 10:20 is drawn from Deut 32:7: the power behind the idols, with which the pagans commune, consists of demonic powers hostile to God.
9 [10:23-11:1] By way of peroration Paul returns to the opening situation (1 Cor 8) and draws conclusions based on the intervening considerations (1 Cor 9-10).
10 [23-24] He repeats in the context of this new problem the slogans of liberty from 1 Cor 6:12, with similar qualifications. Liberty is not merely an individual perfection, nor an end in itself, but is to be used for the common good. The language of 1 Cor 10:24 recalls the descriptions of Jesus' self-emptying in Phil 2.
11 [25-30] A summary of specific situations in which the eating of meat sacrificed to idols could present problems of conscience. Three cases are considered. In the first (the marketplace, 1 Cor 10:25-26) and the second (at table, 1 Cor 10:27), there is no need to be concerned with whether food has passed through a pagan sacrifice or not, for the principle of 1 Cor 8:4-6 still stands, and the whole creation belongs to the one God. But in the third case (1 Cor 10:28), the situation changes if someone present explicitly raises the question of the sacrificial origin of the food; eating in such circumstances may be subject to various interpretations, some of which could be harmful to individuals. Paul is at pains to insist that the enlightened Christian conscience need not change its judgment about the neutrality, even the goodness, of the food in itself (1 Cor 10:29-30); yet the total situation is altered to the extent that others are potentially endangered, and this calls for a different response, for the sake of others.
12 [10:32-11:1] In summary, the general rule of mutually responsible use of their Christian freedom is enjoined first negatively (1 Cor 10:32), then positively, as exemplified in Paul (1 Cor 10:33), and finally grounded in Christ, the pattern for Paul's behavior and theirs (1 Cor 11:1; cf Romans 15:1-3).