Exodus
Chapter21
11"Thesearetherulesyoushalllaybeforethem.
你要在众人前立定这些法度:
2WhenyoupurchaseaHebrewslave,heistoserveyouforsixyears,butintheseventhyearheshallbegivenhisfreedomwithoutcost.
假使你买了一个希伯来人作奴隶,他只劳作六年,第七年应自由离去,无须赎金。
3Ifhecomesintoservicealone,heshallleavealone;ifhecomeswithawife,hiswifeshallleavewithhim.
他若单身而来,也应单身而去;他若娶了妻子来的,也应让他的妻子与他同去。
4Butifhismastergiveshimawifeandshebearshimsonsordaughters,thewomanandherchildrenshallremainthemaster'spropertyandthemanshallleavealone.
若主人给他娶了妻子,妻子也生了子女,妻子和子女都应归于主人,他仍要单身离去。
5If,however,theslavedeclares,‘Iamdevotedtomymasterandmywifeandchildren;Iwillnotgofree,'
若是那奴隶声明说:我爱我的主人和妻子子女,我不愿离去作自由人。
62hismastershallbringhimtoGodandthere,atthedoorordoorpost,heshallpiercehisearwithanawl,thuskeepinghimashisslaveforever.
他的主人应领他到天主前,然后领他到门口或门框前,用锥子穿透他的耳朵,如此他可长久服事主人。
7"Whenamansellshisdaughterasaslave,sheshallnotgofreeasmaleslavesdo.
假使有人将女儿卖作婢女,她不可像男仆那样离去。
83Butifhermaster,whohaddestinedherforhimself,dislikesher,heshallletherberedeemed.Hehasnorighttosellhertoaforeigner,sincehehasbrokenfaithwithher.
若主人已定她为自己的妻子,以后又厌恶了她,应许她赎身,但因主人对她失了信,不能把她卖给外方人民。
9Ifhedestinesherforhisson,heshalltreatherlikeadaughter.
若主人定了她作自己儿子的妻子,就应以待女儿的法律待她。
10Ifhetakesanotherwife,heshallnotwithholdherfood,herclothing,orherconjugalrights.
若主人为自己另娶了一个,对前妻的饮食、衣服与合欢之谊,不可减少。
11Ifhedoesnotgrantherthesethreethings,sheshallbegivenherfreedomabsolutely,withoutcosttoher.
若对她不实行这三条,她可以离去,无须赎金或代价。
12"Whoeverstrikesamanamortalblowmustbeputtodeath.
凡打人至死的,应受死刑。
13He,however,whodidnothuntamandown,butcausedhisdeathbyanactofGod,mayfleetoaplacewhichIwillsetapartforthispurpose.
但若不是有意杀人,而是天主许他的手行的,我给你指定一个他可以逃避的地方。
14Butwhenamankillsanotheraftermaliciouslyschemingtodoso,youmusttakehimevenfrommyaltarandputhimtodeath.
假使有人向人行凶,蓄意谋杀,应将他由我的祭坛前抓来处死。
15Whoeverstrikeshisfatherormothershallbeputtodeath.
凡打父亲或母亲的,应受死刑。
16"Akidnaper,whetherhesellshisvictimorstillhashimwhencaught,shallbeputtodeath.
凡拐带人口的,无论已将人卖了,或者还在他手中,都应受死刑。
17"Whoevercurseshisfatherormothershallbeputtodeath.
凡咒骂父亲或母亲的,应受死刑。
18"Whenmenquarrelandonestrikestheotherwithastoneorwithhisfist,notmortally,butenoughtoputhiminbed,
假使两人吵架,一人用石头或锄头打了另一人,被打的人未死,却应卧床休养,
19theonewhostrucktheblowshallbeacquitted,providedtheothercangetupandwalkaroundwiththehelpofhisstaff.Still,hemustcompensatehimforhisenforcedidlenessandprovideforhiscompletecure.
他以后若能起床,能扶杖出外,打他的人,可免处分,但应赔偿他失业的损失,把他完成医好。
20"Whenamanstrikeshismaleorfemaleslavewitharodsohardthattheslavediesunderhishand,heshallbepunished.
假使有人用棍杖打奴仆或婢女被打死在他手中,必受严罚。
21If,however,theslavesurvivesforadayortwo,heisnottobepunished,sincetheslaveishisownproperty.
但若奴婢还活了一两天,便不受处分,因为他是用银钱买来的。
22"Whenmenhaveafightandhurtapregnantwoman,sothatshesuffersamiscarriage,butnofurtherinjury,theguiltyoneshallbefinedasmuchasthewoman'shusbanddemandsofhim,andheshallpayinthepresenceofthejudges.
假使人们打架,撞伤了孕妇,以致流产,但没有别的损害,伤人者为这罪应按女人的丈夫所提出的,判官所断定的,缴纳罚款。
234Butifinjuryensues,youshallgivelifeforlife,
若有损害,就应以命偿命,
24eyeforeye,toothfortooth,handforhand,footforfoot,
以眼还眼,以牙还牙,以手还手,以脚还脚,
25burnforburn,woundforwound,stripeforstripe.
以烙还烙,以伤还伤,以疤还疤。
26"Whenamanstrikeshismaleorfemaleslaveintheeyeanddestroystheuseoftheeye,heshalllettheslavegofreeincompensationfortheeye.
假使有人打坏奴仆或婢女的一只眼睛,为了他的眼睛应让他自由离去。
27Ifheknocksoutatoothofhismaleorfemaleslave,heshalllettheslavegofreeincompensationforthetooth.
若有人打掉奴隶或婢女的一只牙,为了他的牙应让他自由离去。
28"Whenanoxgoresamanorawomantodeath,theoxmustbestoned;itsfleshmaynotbeeaten.Theowneroftheox,however,shallgounpunished.
牛无论牴死男或女,应用石头砸死这牛,并且不许吃它的肉,牛主不受惩罚。
29Butifanoxwaspreviouslyinthehabitofgoringpeopleanditsowner,thoughwarned,wouldnotkeepitin;shoulditthenkillamanorawoman,notonlymusttheoxbestoned,butitsowneralsomustbeputtodeath.
但若这只牛以前牴过人,牛主也受过警告,而仍不加防范,这牛无论牴死男女,牛应砸死,牛主也应受死刑。
30If,however,afineisimposedonhim,hemustpayinransomforhislifewhateveramountisimposedonhim.
若是给他提出了赎价,他应照所提出的一切数目缴纳赎命罚金。
31Thislawappliesifitisaboyoragirlthattheoxgores.
牛若牴死了男女儿童,也应照这法律处理。
32Butifitisamaleorafemaleslavethatitgores,hemustpaytheowneroftheslavethirtyshekelsofsilver,andtheoxmustbestoned.
牛若牴死了一个奴仆或婢女,应给仆婢的主人三十银"协刻耳,"牛应砸死。
33"Whenamanuncoversordigsacisternanddoesnotcoveritoveragain,shouldanoxoranassfallintoit,
假使有人敞着旱井,或挖掘旱井时,不加掩盖,无论牛或驴陷在里面,
34theownerofthecisternmustmakegoodbyrestoringthevalueoftheanimaltoitsowner;thedeadanimal,however,hemaykeep.
井主应赔偿,应给牛主银钱,死的牲畜归自己。
35"Whenoneman'soxhurtsanother'soxsobadlythatitdies,theyshallselltheliveoxanddividethismoneyaswellasthedeadanimalequallybetweenthem.
假使一人的牛牴死别人的牛,应把活牛卖了,银钱平分,死牛也平分。
36Butifitwasknownthattheoxwaspreviouslyinthehabitofgoringanditsownerwouldnotkeepitin,hemustmakefullrestitution,anoxforanox;butthedeadanimalhemaykeep.(v37)5"Whenamanstealsanoxorasheepandslaughtersorsellsit,heshallrestorefiveoxenfortheoneox,andfoursheepfortheonesheep.
但若查明这只牛从前牴死过牛,牛主又不加以防范,牛主应该赔偿,以牛还牛,死牛归自己。假使有人偷了牛或羊,无论是宰了或卖了,应用五头牛赔偿一头牛,四只羊赔偿一只羊。
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Footnotes(注解)
1[1]Rules:judicialprecedentstobeusedinsettlingquestionsoflawandcustom.Thisintroductoryphraseservesasthetitleofthefollowingcollectionofcivilandreligiouslaws(Exodus21-23)whichiscalledinExodus24:7,thebookofthecovenant.
2[6]ToGod:tothesanctuary;orperhapsthephraseistoberendered,"tothegods,"inthesenseof"tothejudges."CfPsalm82:1.Sincetheexpression"tohaveanopenear"meant"toobey,"apiercedearlobewasanancientsymbolofobedience.CfPsalm40:7.
3[8]Destinedher:intendedherasawifeofsecondrank.
4[23-25]Thissectionisknownasthelextalionis,thelawoftitfortat.Thepurposeofthislawwasnotmerelytheenforcementofrigorousjustice,butalsothepreventionofgreaterpenaltiesthanwouldbejust.ChristreferstothispassagewhenheexhortsChristianstocedetheirlawfulrightsforthesakeofcharity.CfMatthew5:38-40.
5[36]IntheVulgate,Exodus22:1-31.