出谷纪 Exodus Chapter 21
    Exodus

    Chapter21

    11"Thesearetherulesyoushalllaybeforethem.

    你要在众人前立定这些法度:

    2WhenyoupurchaseaHebrewslave,heistoserveyouforsixyears,butintheseventhyearheshallbegivenhisfreedomwithoutcost.

    假使你买了一个希伯来人作奴隶,他只劳作六年,第七年应自由离去,无须赎金。

    3Ifhecomesintoservicealone,heshallleavealone;ifhecomeswithawife,hiswifeshallleavewithhim.

    他若单身而来,也应单身而去;他若娶了妻子来的,也应让他的妻子与他同去。

    4Butifhismastergiveshimawifeandshebearshimsonsordaughters,thewomanandherchildrenshallremainthemaster'spropertyandthemanshallleavealone.

    若主人给他娶了妻子,妻子也生了子女,妻子和子女都应归于主人,他仍要单身离去。

    5If,however,theslavedeclares,‘Iamdevotedtomymasterandmywifeandchildren;Iwillnotgofree,'

    若是那奴隶声明说:我爱我的主人和妻子子女,我不愿离去作自由人。

    62hismastershallbringhimtoGodandthere,atthedoorordoorpost,heshallpiercehisearwithanawl,thuskeepinghimashisslaveforever.

    他的主人应领他到天主前,然后领他到门口或门框前,用锥子穿透他的耳朵,如此他可长久服事主人。

    7"Whenamansellshisdaughterasaslave,sheshallnotgofreeasmaleslavesdo.

    假使有人将女儿卖作婢女,她不可像男仆那样离去。

    83Butifhermaster,whohaddestinedherforhimself,dislikesher,heshallletherberedeemed.Hehasnorighttosellhertoaforeigner,sincehehasbrokenfaithwithher.

    若主人已定她为自己的妻子,以后又厌恶了她,应许她赎身,但因主人对她失了信,不能把她卖给外方人民。

    9Ifhedestinesherforhisson,heshalltreatherlikeadaughter.

    若主人定了她作自己儿子的妻子,就应以待女儿的法律待她。

    10Ifhetakesanotherwife,heshallnotwithholdherfood,herclothing,orherconjugalrights.

    若主人为自己另娶了一个,对前妻的饮食、衣服与合欢之谊,不可减少。

    11Ifhedoesnotgrantherthesethreethings,sheshallbegivenherfreedomabsolutely,withoutcosttoher.

    若对她不实行这三条,她可以离去,无须赎金或代价。

    12"Whoeverstrikesamanamortalblowmustbeputtodeath.

    凡打人至死的,应受死刑。

    13He,however,whodidnothuntamandown,butcausedhisdeathbyanactofGod,mayfleetoaplacewhichIwillsetapartforthispurpose.

    但若不是有意杀人,而是天主许他的手行的,我给你指定一个他可以逃避的地方。

    14Butwhenamankillsanotheraftermaliciouslyschemingtodoso,youmusttakehimevenfrommyaltarandputhimtodeath.

    假使有人向人行凶,蓄意谋杀,应将他由我的祭坛前抓来处死。

    15Whoeverstrikeshisfatherormothershallbeputtodeath.

    凡打父亲或母亲的,应受死刑。

    16"Akidnaper,whetherhesellshisvictimorstillhashimwhencaught,shallbeputtodeath.

    凡拐带人口的,无论已将人卖了,或者还在他手中,都应受死刑。

    17"Whoevercurseshisfatherormothershallbeputtodeath.

    凡咒骂父亲或母亲的,应受死刑。

    18"Whenmenquarrelandonestrikestheotherwithastoneorwithhisfist,notmortally,butenoughtoputhiminbed,

    假使两人吵架,一人用石头或锄头打了另一人,被打的人未死,却应卧床休养,

    19theonewhostrucktheblowshallbeacquitted,providedtheothercangetupandwalkaroundwiththehelpofhisstaff.Still,hemustcompensatehimforhisenforcedidlenessandprovideforhiscompletecure.

    他以后若能起床,能扶杖出外,打他的人,可免处分,但应赔偿他失业的损失,把他完成医好。

    20"Whenamanstrikeshismaleorfemaleslavewitharodsohardthattheslavediesunderhishand,heshallbepunished.

    假使有人用棍杖打奴仆或婢女被打死在他手中,必受严罚。

    21If,however,theslavesurvivesforadayortwo,heisnottobepunished,sincetheslaveishisownproperty.

    但若奴婢还活了一两天,便不受处分,因为他是用银钱买来的。

    22"Whenmenhaveafightandhurtapregnantwoman,sothatshesuffersamiscarriage,butnofurtherinjury,theguiltyoneshallbefinedasmuchasthewoman'shusbanddemandsofhim,andheshallpayinthepresenceofthejudges.

    假使人们打架,撞伤了孕妇,以致流产,但没有别的损害,伤人者为这罪应按女人的丈夫所提出的,判官所断定的,缴纳罚款。

    234Butifinjuryensues,youshallgivelifeforlife,

    若有损害,就应以命偿命,

    24eyeforeye,toothfortooth,handforhand,footforfoot,

    以眼还眼,以牙还牙,以手还手,以脚还脚,

    25burnforburn,woundforwound,stripeforstripe.

    以烙还烙,以伤还伤,以疤还疤。

    26"Whenamanstrikeshismaleorfemaleslaveintheeyeanddestroystheuseoftheeye,heshalllettheslavegofreeincompensationfortheeye.

    假使有人打坏奴仆或婢女的一只眼睛,为了他的眼睛应让他自由离去。

    27Ifheknocksoutatoothofhismaleorfemaleslave,heshalllettheslavegofreeincompensationforthetooth.

    若有人打掉奴隶或婢女的一只牙,为了他的牙应让他自由离去。

    28"Whenanoxgoresamanorawomantodeath,theoxmustbestoned;itsfleshmaynotbeeaten.Theowneroftheox,however,shallgounpunished.

    牛无论牴死男或女,应用石头砸死这牛,并且不许吃它的肉,牛主不受惩罚。

    29Butifanoxwaspreviouslyinthehabitofgoringpeopleanditsowner,thoughwarned,wouldnotkeepitin;shoulditthenkillamanorawoman,notonlymusttheoxbestoned,butitsowneralsomustbeputtodeath.

    但若这只牛以前牴过人,牛主也受过警告,而仍不加防范,这牛无论牴死男女,牛应砸死,牛主也应受死刑。

    30If,however,afineisimposedonhim,hemustpayinransomforhislifewhateveramountisimposedonhim.

    若是给他提出了赎价,他应照所提出的一切数目缴纳赎命罚金。

    31Thislawappliesifitisaboyoragirlthattheoxgores.

    牛若牴死了男女儿童,也应照这法律处理。

    32Butifitisamaleorafemaleslavethatitgores,hemustpaytheowneroftheslavethirtyshekelsofsilver,andtheoxmustbestoned.

    牛若牴死了一个奴仆或婢女,应给仆婢的主人三十银"协刻耳,"牛应砸死。

    33"Whenamanuncoversordigsacisternanddoesnotcoveritoveragain,shouldanoxoranassfallintoit,

    假使有人敞着旱井,或挖掘旱井时,不加掩盖,无论牛或驴陷在里面,

    34theownerofthecisternmustmakegoodbyrestoringthevalueoftheanimaltoitsowner;thedeadanimal,however,hemaykeep.

    井主应赔偿,应给牛主银钱,死的牲畜归自己。

    35"Whenoneman'soxhurtsanother'soxsobadlythatitdies,theyshallselltheliveoxanddividethismoneyaswellasthedeadanimalequallybetweenthem.

    假使一人的牛牴死别人的牛,应把活牛卖了,银钱平分,死牛也平分。

    36Butifitwasknownthattheoxwaspreviouslyinthehabitofgoringanditsownerwouldnotkeepitin,hemustmakefullrestitution,anoxforanox;butthedeadanimalhemaykeep.(v37)5"Whenamanstealsanoxorasheepandslaughtersorsellsit,heshallrestorefiveoxenfortheoneox,andfoursheepfortheonesheep.

    但若查明这只牛从前牴死过牛,牛主又不加以防范,牛主应该赔偿,以牛还牛,死牛归自己。假使有人偷了牛或羊,无论是宰了或卖了,应用五头牛赔偿一头牛,四只羊赔偿一只羊。

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    Footnotes(注解)

    1[1]Rules:judicialprecedentstobeusedinsettlingquestionsoflawandcustom.Thisintroductoryphraseservesasthetitleofthefollowingcollectionofcivilandreligiouslaws(Exodus21-23)whichiscalledinExodus24:7,thebookofthecovenant.

    2[6]ToGod:tothesanctuary;orperhapsthephraseistoberendered,"tothegods,"inthesenseof"tothejudges."CfPsalm82:1.Sincetheexpression"tohaveanopenear"meant"toobey,"apiercedearlobewasanancientsymbolofobedience.CfPsalm40:7.

    3[8]Destinedher:intendedherasawifeofsecondrank.

    4[23-25]Thissectionisknownasthelextalionis,thelawoftitfortat.Thepurposeofthislawwasnotmerelytheenforcementofrigorousjustice,butalsothepreventionofgreaterpenaltiesthanwouldbejust.ChristreferstothispassagewhenheexhortsChristianstocedetheirlawfulrightsforthesakeofcharity.CfMatthew5:38-40.

    5[36]IntheVulgate,Exodus22:1-31.